Evolution debate looms

Posted on Sun, Dec. 23, 2007
Education panel likely to address issue over biology textbooks
By BILL ROBINSON
brobinson@thestate.com
The debate over how to teach the origin of species in public high schools
could resurface in January, when the S.C. Board of Education meets.

The divided state panel withheld its endorsement of two biology textbooks
earlier this month, when board member Charles W. McKinney pointed to dozens
of questions raised in critiques by Horace D. Skipper, a retired Clemson
University professor.

"I have concerns about some of the things in those books," McKinney said.

Two years ago, the 17-member state school board wrestled with updating
instructional standards that high school biology teachers follow when
teaching evolution.

State Sen. Mike Fair, R-Greenville, successfully lobbied for revisions to
include the term "critically analyze," linked to a movement to elevate
instruction about creationism and "intelligent design" to the status of
evolution.

That modification of the state's widely acclaimed biology standards prompted
criticism from national experts.

Fair's campaign angered many high school educators, including those who
consider themselves devoutly religious but objected to being told to mix
lessons about beliefs with science.

College professors, including some of Skipper's Clemson colleagues,
supported their high school counterparts.

Among the state school board's responsibilities is identifying relevant
teaching material for South Carolina's 1,100 public schools and updating a
list of options from which they can choose textbooks.

'RUFFLED FEATHERS'

Next month's vote on the two biology books is whether they should be added
to that list. Schools are not obligated to use them, however.

(A state Department of Education official said late Friday the publisher of
one of the books, which would have been used by a limited number of Advanced
Placement classes, requested it be removed from consideration.)

Skipper said he reviewed the books when they were placed in a local library
as part of the state Department of Education's policy of seeking public
input.

He takes issue with passages about evolution in a biology textbook by
Kenneth R. Miller and Joseph Levine.

A weed science researcher, Skipper challenged the book's characterizations
of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution as being the foundation for all
lessons about life, including survival of the fittest.

"Where (Miller) talks about the origins of life and evolution stuff - I didn't
see where they had the scientific support that I think public schools need
in a textbook," Skipper said.

Textbook author Miller is a veteran of the creationism-intelligent
design-evolution furor.

His testimony in a highly publicized federal trial dealt a blow to
proponents of teaching biology lessons inspired by the Bible. Parents in
Dover, Pa., successfully sued their school board to block it from using a
book in science classes asserting a grand "designer" might be responsible
for life on earth.

Miller received word about Skipper's critique of his text a day prior to
this month's state school board meeting and compiled a lengthy response.

"Those are the typical sorts of questions and objections one gets from
creationists," Miller said of Skipper's criticisms. He said "the concerns
and objections to the treatment of evolution in our textbook ... are without
scientific merit."

Skipper was unfazed by Miller's response.

"I critiqued it as a scientist," he said. "If I raised issues that have
ruffled feathers, that may be their problem, not mine."

'JUST TERRIBLE' OR 'HONEST TRUTH'?

Miller plans to attend the Jan. 9 state board meeting.

"What I want to do is show up ... and let the board know I really care about
their questions," Miller said. "It's important to me that they have that
book available.

"I'm not asking the board to buy our book. What I'm asking them is 'Let the
marketplace work' and let people be able to pick from all books available."

Roughly 100 S.C. public high schools use the sixth edition of the
Miller-Levine textbook, including every high school in Lexington County.

State Education Department officials say the Miller-Levine book is among the
nation's best-selling textbooks.

Rob Dillon, a College of Charleston biology professor who leads an
organization known as South Carolinians for Science Education, called
Skipper's challenge of the Miller book "just terrible."

"Those critiques cannot be the basis for public policy decisions of any
sort," Dillon said. "They are religiously motivated."

Skipper rejects any suggestion he advocates teaching creationism in lieu of
evolution, but adds "if you're going to teach historical science, that would
be an alternative."

"If we're going to have good, honest truth taught to our students, they need
to be taught about weaknesses or gaps in these theories," Skipper said.

Reach Robinson at (803) 771-8482.